PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Robert E. Furdak AU - Tracey Nilsen-Ames AU - Flora Wang TI - Carbon Emissions: Under the MicroScope3 AID - 10.3905/jesg.2022.1.061 DP - 2022 Sep 28 TA - The Journal of Impact and ESG Investing PG - jesg.2022.1.061 4099 - https://pm-research.com/content/early/2022/09/28/jesg.2022.1.061.short 4100 - https://pm-research.com/content/early/2022/09/28/jesg.2022.1.061.full AB - Scope 1, 2, and 3 are three connected but distinct lenses that can help investors conceptualize and calculate carbon emissions at company and portfolio levels. However, subjective interpretations remain an issue—one we seek to clarify in this article.