Consideration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors can contribute to the
environmental and economic performance of organizations in terms of investment and …

This paper tests how financial performance indicators and combined ESG score for large-
cap stocks impact on stock return. In particular, we examine how market capitalization, price …

Sustainable investors aim to invest in companies that contribute to sustainable development.
However, there is disagreement on how best to measure corporate sustainability …

Although sustainable investing is becoming a mainstream ambition, investors disagree on
how to best measure corporate sustainability performance (CSP). Environmental, Social …

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the occurrence of innovative solutions in
accordance with CSR in various companies. It turns out that 71% of medium-sized …

Here, the role of business managers in Poland and Germany in creating responsible
business was analyzed. The authors examined CSR strategies, challenges in balancing …

The ambiguous evidence regarding the linkages between firm size and ESG risk in the
relevant literature justifies the need for their further scientific investigation. A particularly …

Rating agencies that assess a company's environmental, social, and corporate governance
(ESG) impact have been subject to public and academic scrutiny due to divergent and often …

We explore the risk and return characteristics of an extensive set of investable index-linked
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) equity strategies, including those with a US …

The past decade has seen a surge in interest in environmental, social, and governance
(ESG) issues. Understanding firms' and portfolios' exposure to ESG risks is essential. For …